The causes, consequences and solutions to forced child. Rights of the child in ethiopia the world organisation against torture omct wishes to extend its gratitude for its support to the childrens programme to. According to the most recent demographic and health survey data from 2011, the median age at which ethiopian women marry is 16. Child marriage violates girls basic human rights and brings their childhoods to a swift end. Evidence from ethiopia young lives policy brief 21 july 2014 revised december 2014 child marriage and female circumcision are linked practices that are prevalent in subsaharan africa and common. Globally, the proportion of young women who were married as children decreased by 15 per cent, from 1 in 4 to about 1 in 5. Key informant interview for general exploration of issues related to child marriage and education 15 7. The countrys national strategy emerged in the context of ethiopias aim to reach middle income. Ending child marriage in africa human rights watch. More than 700 million women alive today were married before their 18th birthday. New findings on child marriage in subsaharan africa. Democracy, human rights, and governance less likely to participate in civil society and the formal economy. Child marriages in india the red elephant foundation december 20 e 4 introduction child marriage refers to the marriage of a child younger than 18 years old,1 in accordance to article 1 of the convention on the right of the child.
In ethiopia the ages at first sexual intercourse and first marriage have been relatively low and closely concurrent. Progress in reducing rates of child marriage is being made in a number of countries, particularly among younger adolescents. This is in part because child marriage remains highly prevalent despite efforts by many developing country. Ethiopia is the site of some of the most abusive marital practices, such as marriage by abduction and forced unions between cousins abusuma. Insights from comparative research this policy brief highlights findings from research on child marriage from young lives ethiopia, peru, vietnam and the indian states of andhra pradesh and telangana and child frontiers zambia. Democracy, human rights, and governance girls not brides. Advancingtheevidencebaseonchildmarriageandhivapril2019. Child marriage, defined as marriage of a child under 18 years of age, is a silent and yet widespread practice. For instance, in the 1990s the national median age at first marriage for women aged 2549 was 15. Our portfolio in ethiopia is one of the largest and most complex in africa. Ethiopia recently adopted a strategy to end child marriage, and some of the projects being implemented in the country should contribute to reduce the. The echild is one of the technical programs which particularly intended to contribute to the realization of child wellbeing outcomes of the organization. According to a study by the overseas development institute and unicef 2015, there are three types of child marriage in ethiopia. Child marriage is defined as any legal or customary union involving a boy or girl younger than the age of 18.
Today, 51 million girls ages 17 or younger in developing countries are married. Application for consular report of birth abroad of a citizen of the united states of america a consular report of birth abroad may be issued for any u. Both practices are widespread still, despite international and national efforts to eradicate. Today, over 60 million marriages include girls under the age of 18 years. Harmful traditional practices and child protection ethiopia. Child marriage in ethiopia and its associated human uw bothell policy journal, 2012 11 definition of child marriage what exactly is child marriage and why is this localized, traditional practice a global concern. Prh implements a twopronged approach to child marriage. House of representatives human rights commissions human rights commission. Child marriage is widely acknowledged to be a harmful sociocultural practice that is both a cause and an outcome of human rights violations.
Unfpaunicef global programme to accelerate action to en chil marriage executive summary trends in child marriage over the past decade, child marriage has continued to decline. The the causes, consequences and solutions to causes, consequences and solutions tocauses, consequences and solutions to forced forced forced child marriage child marriage child marriage in the developing worldin the developing world testimony submitted to u. The national alliance to end child marriage in ethiopia by 2025 was spearheaded by the ministry of children, women and youth affairs to identify the drivers of child marriage across ethiopia and to locate examples of best practice. Ethiopias approach to addressing child marriage is part of a broader initiative that aims to address harmful traditional practices affecting women including child marriage and female genital mutilationcutting fgmc.
Case studies typical cases and outliers 24 question guide. The research has been done according to the methodology guidance on child notice 2015 which was developed in the framework of the. Marriage before the age of 18 is a fundamental violation of human rights. Therefore, on the aggregate, a high prevalence of child marriage negatively affects economic, health and development outcomes of a country and perpetuates a cycle. Pdf child marriage in ethiopia a matter of concern i. A major challenge minh cong nguyen and quentin wodon. I was p reg n a t, hd olk f m yus b housework, deal with in laws, and work on. Improving the lives of married adolescent girls in amhara. Usaids office of population and reproductive health. Only the child s parents, legal guardian, person acting in loco parentis or. The first ever ethiopian girl summit took place in addis ababa in june 2015.
Girls who end up as brides at a tender age are coerced into having children while they are children themselves. A developmental challenge in africa by jeannette bayisenge assistant lecturer in department of social sciences national university of rwanda abstract this paper explores the issue of early marriage in africa. Child marriage impedes girls education the education a girl receives is the strongest predictor of the age she will marry, according to icrw analysis in 18 of the 20 countries with the highest prevalence of child marriage. In order to contextualise our findings on child marriage we begin with a brief overview of the progress that has been made to date and challenges still facing. Are there certain parts of the world where this practice is common. Early marriage denies girls their right to make vital. This work is a result of a series of technical consultations on child marriage. Only the childs parents, legal guardian, person acting in loco parentis or. Report shaping policy for development now i can propose ideas that can solve any problem the role of community awareness interventions in tacklingchild marriage in ethiopia nicola jones, bekele tefera, elizabeth preslermarshall,taveeshi gupta. Most african countries with high rates of child marriage have civil laws that prohibit child marriage and set minimum marriage ages.
Sep 03, 2015 research and evidence gaps on causes of child marriage. In the two years preceding the survey, these respondents. The causes, consequences and solutions to forced child marriage. Health consequences of child marriage in africa volume. A developmental challenge in africa by jeannette bayisenge. Questions and answers on international protecting girls through preventing child marriage act q. Govethiopia usaidethiopia country profile, july 2017 2 gender equality and womens empowerment we promote gender equality by promoting equal access to economic opportunities and education while supporting the health of women and their families, which allows for more equitable participation in society.
Minimum marriage age laws and the prevalence of child. Prhs child marriage work is grounded in data collection and analysis, and evidencebased bestpractices that inform programs and policies to improve reproductive health outcomes for women and girls. Nkosazana dlaminizuma, chairperson, auc at the international conference on family planning, addis ababa, november 20 african union. Child marriage is both a grave violation of human rights and a stumbling block to achieving development goals related to gender, health and education 27. Surprising trends in child marriage in ethiopia 7 child marriage experiences vary widely driven by ethiopia s ethnic and religious diversity, child marriage assumes a wide variety of forms across the country. Improving the lives of married adolescent girls in amhara, ethiopia a summary of the evidence background today, there are nearly 70 million child brides worldwide, with an estimated 142 million more destined for early marriage over the next decade. Ending child marriage is now part of the sustainable development goals. World vision ethiopia goal contributing to the wellbeing. Girls most at risk each dot represents a country in every region, the poor are most at risk of child marriage percentage of women aged 20 to 49 years who were married or in union before age 18, by place of residence child marriage is most common in rural areas 100 80. It encourages marriage only at appropriate age, proper child upbringing and nurture, and promotion of love and care for children in families and communities. In simple terms, child marriage is the marriage of a person aged before majority. Child marriage briefing ethiopia population council. Call to action we must do away with child marriage. A profile of progress in ethiopia child marriage in the global development agenda achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls target 5.
International and constitutional legal standards and jurisprudence for promoting accountability and change 5 the termination of a marriage through legal action, requiring a petition or complaint for divorce by one party. Box 21 8, rue du vieuxbillard ch 1211 geneva 8 tel. Therefore, on the aggregate, a high prevalence of child marriage negatively affects economic, health and development outcomes of a country and perpetuates a cycle of violence and injustice, which in turn decreases a. Evidence from ethiopia 2 young lives policy brief 21 july 2014 child marriage is still the norm in ethiopia where the most recent national figures suggest that more than half 58% of. The issue of child marriage is getting renewed attention among policy makers. Ending child marriage in africa i faced a lot of problems in marriage.
Used interchangeably with dissolution, but historically. The legal age of marriage is 18 for both males and females,16 but it is widely ignored. In quarit, amhara, for example, it is still common for girls as young as five to be married. The preponderance of the evidence produced historically on child marriage comes from south asia, where the vast majority of child brides live.
Child marriage, also known as early marriage, is defined as any marriage carried out below the age of 18. Studies from africa and south asia point to the root causes and exacerbating factors that contribute to child marriage traditions and genderdiscriminatory norms rooted in patriarchal values and ideologies, the lack of educational and economic alternatives to child marriage, as well as exacerbating social factors such as poverty. In the baseline survey, we will see that parents report an average age of rst marriage for girls of 14 years. The amhara region, the focus of this study, has the worst rates of child marriage. Questions and answers on international protecting girls. Of the 41 countries worldwide with a child marriage prevalence rate of 30 percent or more, 30 are in african union countries. Many factors interact to place a child at risk of marriage, including poverty, the perception that marriage will provide protection, family honor, social norms, customary or religious laws that condone the practice, an inadequate legislative framework and the state of a countrys civil registration system. A program to delay child marriage in rural ethiopia. Exploratory research into the intersection of forced. Recent data indicate that 1 in 3 women currently aged 2024 in the developing world has married before the age of 18, and an estimated 15 million girls under 18 marry each year. Contested understandings and practices of female child marriage and circumcision in ethiopia 2 summary this paper explores local perspectives on female child marriage and circumcision in ethiopia.
Yet investments to end the practice remain limited across the globe. Research priorities on ending child marriage and supporting. Ethiopia has one of the most severe crises of child marriage in the world today. This is in part because child marriage remains highly prevalent despite efforts by. I was p reg n a t, hd olk f m yus b housework, deal with inlaws, and work on. Child marriage, defined as marriage below age 18, continues to be a.
How many young girls around the world are impacted by child marriage. Despite being prohibited by international law, it continues to rob millions of girls under 18 around the world of their childhood. The importance of child protection 1 structure of the manual 2 how to use this manual 2 section 1. Child marriage is a human rights violation that prevents girls from obtaining an education, enjoying optimal health, bonding with others their own age, maturing, and ultimately choosing their own life partners.
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